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Lawrence Halprin (July 1, 1916 - October 25, 2009) was an influential American landscape architect, designer and teacher.〔King, John. ("Architect Lawrence Halprin dies," ) ''San Francisco Chronicle''. October 26, 2009.〕 Beginning his career in the San Francisco Bay Area, California, in 1949, Halprin often collaborated with a local circle of modernist architects on relatively modest projects. These figures included William Wurster, Joseph Esherick, Vernon DeMars, Mario J. Ciampi, and others associated with UC Berkeley. Gradually accumulating a regional reputation in the northwest, Halprin first came to national attention with his work at the 1962 Seattle World's Fair, the Ghirardelli Square adaptive-reuse project in San Francisco, and the landmark pedestrian street / transit mall Nicollet Mall in Minneapolis. Halprin's career proved influential to an entire generation in his specific design solutions, his emphasis on user experience to develop those solutions, and his collaborative design process. Halprin's point of view and practice are summarized in his definition of modernism: :"To be properly understood, Modernism is not just a matter of cubist space but of a whole appreciation of environmental design as a holistic approach to the matter of making spaces for people to live.... Modernism, as I define it and practice it, ''includes'' and is based on the vital archetypal needs of human being as individuals as well as social groups."〔Walker, Peter ''et al.'' (1994). (''Invisible Gardens: the Search for Modernism in the American Landscape,'' p. 9. )〕 In his best work, he construed landscape architecture as narrative.〔Rainey, Reuben M. (2001). ("The Garden as Narrative: Lawrence Halprin's Frankllin Delano Roosevelt Memorial," in ''Places of Commemoration : Search for Identity and Landscape Design,'' pp. 377-413. )〕 ==Early life== Halprin grew up in Brooklyn, New York; and as a schoolboy, he earned acclaim playing sandlot baseball. He also invested three of his teenage years in Israel on a kibbutz near what is today the Israeli port city of Haifa.〔Sullivan, Patricia. ( "Lawrence Halprin, 93; Urban projects won wide acclaim for American landscape architect," ) ''The Washington Post''. October 28, 2009.〕 The Heritage Park Plaza in Fort Worth, Texas, designed by Halprin and built in 1980, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as its featured listing of the week, on May 21, 2010. He earned a B.A. at Cornell University; and he was granted a M.A. at the University of Wisconsin. Then he earned a second bachelor’s degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Design, where his professors included architects Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer.〔Martin, Douglas. ( "Lawrence Halprin, Landscape Architect, Dies at 93," ) ''The New York Times'' October 28, 2003.〕 His Harvard classmates included Philip Johnson and I.M. Pei. A visit to Taliesin, Frank Lloyd Wright’s studio in Wisconsin, had sparked Halprin’s initial interest in being a designer;〔 and his formal training began in classes with Christopher Tunnard. In 1944, Halprin was commissioned in the United States Navy as a Lieutenant (junior grade). He was assigned to the destroyer USS ''Morris'' in the Pacific which was struck by a kamikaze attack. After surviving the destruction of the Morris, Halprin was sent to San Francisco on leave. It was there he would stay following his discharge. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lawrence Halprin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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